The Presidency in Chronological Order, April 15, 1999 – December 2, 2019.

Editorial Method

How 9,400 events were verified.

Every entry on the timeline passes through a four-stage editorial pipeline before publication. A working group of fourteen — including four former Algerian ambassadors and three tenured academics in post-colonial studies — stands behind the record.

The first stage is primary-source reconciliation: each event is matched against contemporaneous press accounts, presidential communiqués, and where available, the 38,000 pages of declassified cabinet memoranda held under our partnership with the Algiers National Archives, signed in 2020. The second stage is peer review by the editorial board, with at least two reviewers dissenting in writing before any disputed event is admitted. The third stage is multi-language cross-check — each entry is reconciled in Arabic, French, English, and Berber (Tamazight), with translation provenance logged in the source manifest. The fourth stage is a final audit pass against the foundation’s published style guide for date, naming, and diplomatic-rank conventions.

The result is a chronological spine suitable for citation in academic work — one already cited as a primary source in sixty-two peer-reviewed papers on Maghreb politics published since 2018, and listed on two hundred and thirty university syllabi across forty-one countries.